Clinical and cost outcomes of a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated patch versus drainage after axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer: results from a multicentre randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes between breast cancer patients who underwent axillary lymph node dissection with postoperative management using a polyethylene glycol-coated patch versus axillary drainage. The direct costs associated with both postoperative management strategies were also evaluated. METHODS: This was a multicentre RCT in women with breast cancer who underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04487561). Patients were randomly assigned (1 : 1) to receive either drainage or a polyethylene glycol-coated patch as postoperative management. The primary endpoints were the need for an emergency department visit for any event related to the surgery and the rate of seroma development. RESULTS: A total of 227 patients were included , 115 in the patch group (50.7 per cent) and 112 (29.4 per cent ) in the drainage group. The incidence of emergency department visits was significantly greater for patients with drainage versus a polyethylene glycol-coated patch (incidence rate difference 26.1 per cent, 95 per cent c.i. 14.5 to 37.7 per cent; P < 0.001). Conversely, the seroma rate was significantly higher in the polyethylene glycol-coated patch group (incidence rate difference 22.8 per cent, 95 per cent c.i. 6.7 to 38.9 per cent; P < 0.0055). Compared with drainage, using a polyethylene glycol-coated patch resulted in cost savings of €100.41 per patient. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio analysis found that drainage was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €7594.4 for no need for hospital admission and €491.7 for no need for an emergency department visit. CONCLUSION: Compared with patients who received drainage after axillary lymph node dissection, the use of a polyethylene glycol-coated patch resulted in a higher rate of seroma, but a lower number of postoperative outpatient or emergency department visits and thus a reduction in overall costs.

Estudio comparativo de la sensibilidad del MAMMI-PET en el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama con respecto a otras pruebas de imagen / Comparative study of the sensitivity of MAMMI-PET in the diagnosis of breast cancer with regard to other imaging tests

Introducción: el empleo de dispositivos de tomografía por emisión de positrones mamodedicados (dbPET) mejora la resolución espacial respecto a la PET corporal total. La mamografía mediante imagen molecular PET (MAMMI-PET) es una nueva técnica, pero los estudios clínicos realizados son escasos. El objetivo del trabajo es determinar la sensibilidad, especificidad, los valores predictivos positivos y negativos de la MAMMI-PET, así como comparar el dispositivo con las pruebas de imagen tradicionales. Material y métodos: estudio observacional prospectivo y analítico sobre una muestra de pacientes con cáncer de mama confirmado histológicamente, atendidas en el Hospital General de Valencia (enero 2017-noviembre 2018). Se realizó un estudio preoperatorio con ecografía, mamografía, resonancia magnética nuclear y MAMMI-PET. Se consideró a la anatomía patológica como el patrón oro del número y tipo de lesiones existentes en cada mama. Se comprobó si el diagnóstico del MAMMI-PET para cada lesión coincidió con el resultado de la anatomía patológica. Se comparó la sensibilidad de cada prueba con la del MAMMI-PET empleando la prueba de Chi cuadrado con nivel de significación de 0,05. Resultados: se evaluaron los datos de 32 pacientes y 44 lesiones (36 malignas y 8 benignas). Dos pacientes fueron excluidas del estudio. Se obtuvo una sensibilidad del 75% para el MAMMI-PET. La mejor sensibilidad se obtuvo para la resonancia magnética nuclear con 85,3% mientras que para la ecografía y la mamografía fue de 77,8 y 69,4%, respectivamente. No se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el estudio comparativo entre el MAMMI-PET y el resto de las pruebas de imagen. Conclusiones: la sensibilidad del MAMMI-PET (75%) para el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama fue similar a las otras pruebas de imagen. (AU)

Introduction: The use of mammo dedicated breast PET (dbPET) scanners improves spacial resolution compared to Whole Body Pet images (WBPET). Mammography with Molecular Imaging PET (MAMMI-PET) is a new device with hardly any clinical studies. The aim of the study is to estimate the sensitivity of MAMMI-PET and compare it with classic imaging devices. Material and methods: A prospective and analytical observational study was carried out in a sample of patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer who were treated at our hospital between January 2017 and November 2018. Preoperative study of patients was performed with ultrasound, mammography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and MAMMI-PET. Findings (number and benignant/malignant lesions) of the anatomopathological (AP) study were used as the gold standard. Results between MAMMI-PET and AP were compared. The sensitivity of each test was compared with that of the MAMMI-PET using the Chi square test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Data from 32 patients and 44 lesions (36 malignant and 8 benign) were evaluated. Two patients were excluded. The MAMMI-PET sensitivity was 75%. The best sensitivity was obtained for MRI with 85.3%, while for ultrasound and mammography it was 77.8% and 69.4% respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the sensitivity of MAMMIPET and the rest of the imaging tests. Conclusions: The sensitivity obtained for the MAMMI-PET scanner (75%) was similar to the other imaging tests. (AU)

Correlation between MAMMI-PET findings and anatomopathological outcomes in breast cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: Imaging tests are a key element in the preoperative diagnosis of patients with breast cancer. Whole-body PET-computed tomography (PET/CT) breast studies have a limited spatial resolution, although dedicated breast PET (dbPET) devices such as the Mammography with Molecular Imaging PET (MAMMI-PET), have an increased sensitivity to detect tumor foci, especially those smaller than 2 cm. The purpose of this study is to define the validity and reliability of this new device. METHODS: A prospective and analytical observational study was carried out in a sample of patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer who were treated at our hospital between January 2017 and November 2018. The anatomopathological study findings for the surgical pieces were used as gold standards and we calculated their concordance with the findings from the MAMMI-PET as well as the validity and reliability parameters for this test. RESULTS: Data from 32 patients and 44 lesions (36 malignant and 8 benign) were evaluated. The mean patient age was 51.50 ± 11.68 years. Twenty patients had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). The technique concordance rate was weak ( K = 0.349, P = 0.001) and was 84.3% for benign lesions and 62.6% for malignant ones. The MAMMI-PET sensitivity was 75%, whereas its specificity was 57.1%; the positive predictive value was 81.8% and the negative predictive value was 47.1%, with an overall precision of 70%. The MAMMI-PET sensitivity was higher in patients who had not undergone NACT and was significantly higher in patients with luminal B breast cancer compared to the luminal A subtype. CONCLUSION: The MAMMI-PET device had acceptable sensitivity and a high positive predictive value for the preoperative evaluation of patients with breast cancer; it was especially useful for lesions whose diagnosis with other imaging tests had been doubtful.

Adenoma pleomorfo de la mama. A propósito de un caso / Pleomorphic adenoma of the breast. Apropos of a case

OBJETIVO: El adenoma pleomorfo es un tumor con una gran heterogenicidad arquitectural y citológica, de ahí su denominación como tumor mixto. Compuesto característicamente por células epiteliales y mioepiteliales con estroma mesenquimal, presenta un comportamiento benigno, siendo su localización habitual las glándulas salivares. La mama es una localización muy infrecuente para este tipo de tumores. CASO CLÍNICO: Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente de 76 años sin antecedentes de patología mamaria, valorada en consultas externas de cirugía por una secreción unilateral de aspecto serosanguinolento desde la mama derecha, asociada a un nódulo de unos 2cm de diámetro mayor. Tras completar su estudio, se decide exéresis de la tumoración, obteniendo como resultado en la anatomía patológica una tumoración heterogénea con predominio de células miopiteliales; descripción compatible con un adenoma pleomorfo. DISCUSIÓN: El adenoma pleomorfo de la mama, es una tumoración epitelial benigna que tiene un patrón histológico similar al del tumor de las glándulas salivares. Los rasgos histológicos más importantes es la metaplasia ósea y mixocondroide, junto con presencia de calcificaciones, tejido epitelial (con o sin diferenciación glandular), y tejido mioepitelial; siendo esta gran variedad estructural lo que le caracteriza. Hay que realizar un diagnóstico diferencial con patología maligna a la cual asemeja. Se presenta de forma poco frecuente a nivel mamario y suele ser una lesión bien delimitada y solitaria, elastica y no adherida. Pese a su comportamiento benigno (no ha presentado en ninguno de los casos documentados metástasis a distancia) el tratamiento es quirúrgico, asegurando buenos margenes de resección para evitar recidivas

OBJECTIVE: Pleomorphic adenoma shows wide architectural and cytological heterogeneity and is consequently classified as a mixed tumour. These benign adenomas are characteristically composed of epithelial and myoepithelial cells with mesenchymal stroma and are usually located in the salivary glands. Localisation in the breast is extremely infrequent for this type of tumour. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 76-year-old female patient with no prior history of breast disease who was assessed in the surgery outpatient clinic for unilateral serosanguinous secretion from the right breast associated with a nodule of approximately 2cm in diameter. After workup, it was decided to extirpate the tumour. Histological findings indicated a heterogeneous tumour with a predominance of myoepithelial cells, compatible with pleomorphic adenoma. DISCUSSION: Pleomorphic adenoma of the breast is a benign epithelial tumour whose histological pattern is similar to that of pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands. The most important histological features are osseous and myxochondroid metaplasia, together with the presence of calcifications, epithelial tissue (with or without glandular differentiation) and myoepithelial tissue. This wide structural variety is what characterises these tumours. The differential diagnosis should be performed with malignant disease, which these adenomas frequently mimic. Pleomorphic adenomas are very infrequent in the breast and are usually well-demarcated, solitary, elastic and non-adherent tumours. Despite their benign behaviour (there have been no reported cases of distant metastases), treatment is surgical, with good resection margins to avoid recurrences

Cirugía mayor ambulatoria en patología mamaria / Major ambulatory surgery in breast diseases

Introducción: El tratamiento quirúrgico de la patología mamaria (PM) ha evolucionado aumentando su manejo como cirugía mayor ambulatoria (CMA). El objetivo de este estudio es analizar una serie de pacientes intervenidas de PM en régimen de CMA durante el año 2017 para evaluar su calidad y seguridad. Métodos: Se realiza análisis retrospectivo de las pacientes intervenidas de PM en el Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia desde enero hasta diciembre del 2017 incluidos en programa de CMA, estudiando el número de pacientes, los motivos de exclusión, el tipo de procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados, el índice de sustitución (IS), la tasa de ingreso (TI) y las causas de conversión al ingreso, complicaciones postoperatorias y el índice de satisfacción. Se compara con un grupo control del año 2013. Resultados: En 2017 se realizaron 396 intervenciones por PM, siendo de PM benigna (PMB) 170 intervenciones y de PM maligna (PMM) 226 intervenciones. El IS para la PM global es del 72,8% y para PMB fue 93,4%. El IS para PMM fue 57,2%, que ha progresado en los últimos años desde el 45,4% en 2013. La TI inesperado de la PMM fue del 14,1%, mientras que en la PMB fue del 0,6%. La PMM con ingreso presentó más morbilidad (17%) que la PMM sin ingreso (8,5%) y la PMB (6,5%). Conclusiones: En PMM del Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia el IS ha aumentado y la TI depende de la linfadenectomía tras biopsia peroperatoria del ganglio centinela. La CMA para el tratamiento de la PM es segura y eficiente

Introduction: The use of ambulatory surgery (AS) for breast pathology (BP) has increased. The objective of this study is to analyse a group of patients treated surgically for breast pathology in order to evaluate its quality and security in a MAS setting in 2017. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients undergoing breast surgery was conducted within an AS programme from January to December 2017 in Consorcio Hospital General Universitario of Valencia (CHGUV). The study analysed the number of patients, exclusion reasons, type of surgical procedures, evolution of substitution rate (SR), rate and causes of conversion to admission, postoperative complications, motives for not being included in the ambulatory programme and the satisfaction rate of the patients treated with ambulatory surgery. This has been compared with a 2013 group. Results: In 2017, 396 procedures for BP were performed: 170 for benign and 226 for malignant disease. The SR for the global mammary pathology was 72.8%. The SR for benign pathology was 93.4% and the SR for malignant pathology was 57.2%, which has increased in recent years from 45.4% in 2013. The unexpected hospitalization rate (HR) of malignant pathologies was 14.1%, while the HR in benign pathologies was 0.6%. Patients hospitalized for malignant pathologies presented higher complications (17%) than ambulatory patients (8.5%) and benign pathologies (6.5%). Conclusions: At the CHGUV, the SR has steadily increased in malignant pathologies. The unexpected hospitalization rate is determined by perioperative sentinel lymph node biopsy results. AS for the treatment of mammary pathology is efficient and safe

Major ambulatory surgery in breast diseases. / Cirugía mayor ambulatoria en patología mamaria.

INTRODUCTION: The use of ambulatory surgery (AS) for breast pathology (BP) has increased. The objective of this study is to analyse a group of patients treated surgically for breast pathology in order to evaluate its quality and security in a MAS setting in 2017. METHODS: A retrospective review of all patients undergoing breast surgery was conducted within an AS programme from January to December 2017 in Consorcio Hospital General Universitario of Valencia (CHGUV). The study analysed the number of patients, exclusion reasons, type of surgical procedures, evolution of substitution rate (SR), rate and causes of conversion to admission, postoperative complications, motives for not being included in the ambulatory programme and the satisfaction rate of the patients treated with ambulatory surgery. This has been compared with a 2013 group. RESULTS: In 2017, 396 procedures for BP were performed: 170 for benign and 226 for malignant disease. The SR for the global mammary pathology was 72.8%. The SR for benign pathology was 93.4% and the SR for malignant pathology was 57.2%, which has increased in recent years from 45.4% in 2013. The unexpected hospitalization rate (HR) of malignant pathologies was 14.1%, while the HR in benign pathologies was 0.6%. Patients hospitalized for malignant pathologies presented higher complications (17%) than ambulatory patients (8.5%) and benign pathologies (6.5%). CONCLUSIONS: At the CHGUV, the SR has steadily increased in malignant pathologies. The unexpected hospitalization rate is determined by perioperative sentinel lymph node biopsy results. AS for the treatment of mammary pathology is efficient and safe.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de la recidiva supraclavicular y a nivel de la mamaria interna por un carcinoma de mama / Surgical Treatment of Supraclavicular and Internal Mammary Recurrence of Breast Cancer

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Miofibroblastoma de mama en el varón: un desafío diagnóstico. A propósito de 2 casos / Myofibroblastoma of the breast in men: a diagnostic challenge. Apropos of two cases

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Lesiones inflamatorias mamarias benignas / Benign inflammatory breast lesions

El proceso diagnóstico de las lesiones inflamatorias mamarias incluye la descripción de su patrón histopatológico. El objetivo del trabajo es identificar los patrones inflamatorios mamarios. Se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura científica. Los patrones identificados son mastitis aguda con galactoforitis infecciosa inespecífica, galactoforitis crónica supurativa recidivante con mastitis periductal y de células plasmáticas, mastitis eosinofílica, lobulillitis linfocítica, mastitis granulomatosas, vasculitis mamaria, pseudotumores inflamatorios y necrosis grasa. Estos patrones y sus subtipos se han diferenciado analizando su composición, localización, mecanismo de producción y diagnóstico diferencial. En las biopsias de las inflamaciones mamarias se pueden identificar patrones histológicos inflamatorios desde los que se definen subtipos de mastitis. Para realizar el diagnóstico debe realizarse un completo estudio histopatológico y microbiológico de la biopsia de una mastitis y completar el diagnóstico con una adecuada correlación clinicopatológica (AU)

The diagnosis of chronic inflammatory breast disease includes the description of the histological pattern and location. The objective of this revision of the literature is to identify breast inflammatory patterns which are: acute mastitis with nonspecific infectious galactoforitis, chronic suppurative galactoforitis with periductal and plasma cell mastitis, eosinophilic mastitis, lymphocytic lobulillitis, granulomatous mastitis, breast vasculitis, inflammatory pseudotumour and fat necrosis. The composition, location, production mechanism and differential diagnosis of all types and subtypes are analyzed. Several inflammatory histological patterns with subtypes can be identified in biopsies of mastitis. A correct diagnosis requires a comprehensive histopathological and microbiological study in correlation with adequate clinicopathological data (AU)

Neumonitis rádica bilateral tras cirugía conservadora del cáncer de mama / Radiation pneumonitis after breast-conserving surgery for cancer

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Malignant eccrine breast spiradenoma. A case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Eccrine spiradenomas are rare adnexal tumours of the skin that originate in the sweat glands. There are only three cases, including ours, diagnosed as malignant transformation in the breast. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present a case of an asymptomatic 48 year old woman in whom the lesion was detected on the basis of breast cancer prevention programme. The metastatic study detection and the sentinel lymph node biopsy were negative so wide excision of the mass was performed with no further treatment. After 32 months of follow-up, there is no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease in our patient. DISCUSSION: The lesions usually show a typical history of a long-standing unchanged cutaneous solitary nodule that becomes enlarged. The imaging findings of breast eccrine spiradenomas have not been clearly demonstrated. Diagnosis is based in histopathological findings of malignant focus. A large list of uncommon dermatological skin malignancies and breast benign lesions can mimic malignant eccrine spiradenomas (MES); therefore, determination of inmunophenotype allows narrowing differential diagnosis. Distant metastases portend an ominous prognosis. The mainstay of treatment is surgical removal with wide excision margins. Radiation and hyperthermic chemotherapy can also be administered to prevent focal recurrence. Due to the high risk of developing metastases, close follow up of these patients for early detection of recurrence should be carried out. CONCLUSION: Eccrine spiradenomas are rare adnexal tumours of the skin. Intraparenquimatous breast location is especially infrequent. Diagnosis is based on histopathological examination. MES metastasizes (40%), so a close follow up is recommended.

Tumor bed segmentation: first step for partial breast irradiation.

INTRODUCTION: In breast IMRT simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) treatment and accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI), proper delineation of the tumor bed is necessary. Conservative oncoplastic surgery causes changes in peritumoral breast tissue that complicates locating the site of the tumor. Nevertheless, there are still centers that do not use surgical clips to delineate the site. This study aims to show how the lack of clips affects the techniques of SIB and APBI in terms of dose distribution and safety margins in the tumor bed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: On 30 patients, the defining of the tumor bed obtained from the pre-surgery CT scan to that outlined on the basis of clips on the post-surgery CT was compared. Tumor bed deviation from the original tumor site was quantified. In addition, the margins to the original tumor site necessary to guarantee the coverage of the tumor bed were calculated. RESULTS: Variations were detected in the distances between geometric centers of the PTV (minimum 0.5-maximum 3 cm). The maximum margin necessary to include the entire tumor bed was 4.5 cm. Lesions located in the upper outer quadrant required the widest margins. If margins are not added, the tumor bed volume defined with clips will be underdosed. CONCLUSIONS: The definition of the tumor bed based on studies before surgery does not have the necessary accuracy. Clips need to be placed in the surgical bed to identify the changes occurring after the restorative mammoplasty. Without clips, SIB and APBI are not safe.

Phase II trial with letrozole to maximum response as primary systemic therapy in postmenopausal patients with ER/PgR[+] operable breast cancer.

PURPOSE: Letrozole is superior to tamoxifen in terms of response and breast preservation rates as primary systemic therapy (PST) in postmenopausal women with ER-positive early breast cancer. However, the optimum duration of endocrine PST remains uncertain. METHODS: A phase 2 multicentre, open-label trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of letrozole over a preoperative period of 4 months to 1 year. Seventy postmenopausal patients (over 65 years) were recruited in four centers. The primary endpoint was to establish the optimal duration of treatment defined as the time required to attain the maximum response by clinical palpation. RESULTS: The median age of the group was 79 years (66-91) and the median tumour size 35 mm (range 25-100 mm). No severe adverse events were reported. Fifty-six patients were evaluable for the primary objective. A total of 43 patients (76.8%) achieved an objective response; 29 (51.8%) being partial and 14 (25.0%) complete. The median time to objective response was 3.9 months (95% CI, 3.3-4.5) and the median time to maximum response was 4.2 months (95% CI, 4.0-4.5), although 20 (37.1%) patients achieved the maximal response within 6-12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Letrozole shows a high activity and excellent tolerability as neoadjuvant therapy in elderly patients with endocrine-dependent breast cancer. Four to six months of letrozole as PST is an optimum duration with modest benefits thereafter.

Protocol for the implantation of a venous access device (Port-A-Cath System). The complications and solutions found in 560 cases.

INTRODUCTION: The cannulation of suitable peripheral veins may be a very painful experience. Implantable venous access systems have to some degree relieved this problem and help to provide an improvement in terms of quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have evaluated 560 patients during a follow up period of two years. A low overall complication percentage of 7.32% was seen when using the venous access device. RESULTS: Complications and treatments were: pneumothorax; portal rotation or infection; catheter infection; embolism and migration; extravasation; partial or total obstruction of the device; rupture of the catheter or the membrane. CONCLUSIONS: There is no other system that allows repeated venous access on such a long term basis. Placing the devices completely under the skin allows the patient to conduct a normal life style, and its maintenance does not need any special care, with the exception of the monthly heparinised serum infusion. The preferred option is to insert the catheter through the cephalic vein in the delto pectoral groove.

Popliteal lymphadenectomy on sentinel lymph node melanoma metastasis.

Popliteal lymph node dissection is a procedure that surgeons rarely perform and, therefore, scarcely represented in bibliography. In this paper we present the case of a patient with melanoma metastasis to popliteal sentinel lymph nodes showing the surgical procedure and discussing some epidemiological and technical issues.

Popliteal lymphadenectomy on sentinel lymph node melanoma metastasis

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[Oncoplastic surgery for thoracic wall tumours]. / Cirugía oncoplástica en tumores de pared torácica.

INTRODUCTION: Surgical treatment of tumours of the chest wall (primary or metastatic) requires special skills by the thoracic and the plastic surgeons, from the functional as well as the aesthetic perspective (oncoplastic surgery), when the treatment requires surgical reconstruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a series of 14 patients who needed extensive resection of the thoracic wall (external and/or 3 or more ribs) with disease-free margins and reconstruction with prostheses (7 with polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE(R)] and 7 with the Sandwich Marlex-Methyl Metacrylate) technique with additional covering with muscle-skin flaps (6 pectoral, 5 recto-anterior, 3 dorsal) pedicled during the same surgical intervention. RESULTS: The aetiology of the extirpated tumours, following pathology assessment, were: 4 chondrosarcoma, 3 metastatic sternum, 2 breast cancer relapse, 1 desmoid tumour, 1 neurofibrosarcoma, 1 rhabdomiosarcoma, 1 malignant schwannoma and 1 radiation induced sarcoma. One patient died from complications and another 4 from disease progression before the conclusion of the study follow-up (3-22 months). CONCLUSIONS: Extensive resection of tumours of the chest wall with reconstruction using prostheses and muscle-skin flaps is a safe method that can be performed in the same surgical intervention period when combining the skills of the thoracic surgeon with that of the plastic surgeon.